29 Indian States, 29 Must-Try Foods: A Culinary Tour of India


 Description: Explore 29 Indian states and their must-try signature foods. From Andhra's spicy biryani to Sikkim's momos, discover the diverse flavors defining each region's culinary identity.

My friend once tried to explain Indian food to his American colleague.

"It's like... curries and naan, right?" the colleague asked.

My friend paused, then pulled out his phone and started scrolling through food photos from different states.

"This is from Kerala. This is Punjab. This is Bengal. This is the Northeast."

The colleague stared. "Wait, these are all from India? They look like completely different cuisines!"

"Exactly," my friend smiled. "India isn't one cuisine. It's 29+ cuisines under one flag."

That's the beauty and complexity of Indian food—each state is practically its own culinary country, with distinct flavors, ingredients, techniques, and traditions shaped by geography, history, and culture.

Let me take you on a delicious journey through all 29 Indian states (plus 2 special territories), with the one dish you absolutely must try from each.

North India 1. Punjab - Butter Chicken

What it is: Tandoor-roasted chicken in tomato-based creamy gravy with butter and cream.

Why it matters: Created in Delhi but perfected in Punjab, this dish became India's global ambassador. Rich, mildly spiced, universally loved.

Where to try: Moti Mahal (Delhi), any dhaba in Amritsar

The experience: Tear pieces of butter naan, dip into velvety gravy, understand why Punjabis are so happy.

2. Haryana - Bajra Khichdi

What it is: Pearl millet and lentil porridge cooked with ghee and spices.

Why it matters: Rustic, nutritious, warming winter food. Represents Haryana's agricultural roots and simple, wholesome cooking.

The pairing: Served with gud (jaggery), ghee, and buttermilk.

The vibe: Comfort food that sustained farmers through harsh winters.

3. Himachal Pradesh - Siddu

What it is: Steamed bread made from wheat flour, stuffed with poppy seeds, nuts, or vegetables.

Why it matters: Mountain food—hearty, warming, energy-dense. Perfect for cold Himalayan climate.

The tradition: Made in traditional households, served with ghee or chutney.

The flavor: Slightly sweet filling inside soft, steamed bread—unique and delicious.

4. Jammu & Kashmir - Rogan Josh

What it is: Aromatic mutton curry with yogurt, Kashmiri spices, and deep red color (traditionally from cockscomb flowers, now from Kashmiri chilies).

Why it matters: Signature dish of Wazwan (Kashmiri feast). Persian-influenced, refined, aromatic.

The flavor profile: Not overly spicy despite color. Fennel, ginger, aromatic warmth.

Where to try: Ahdoos (Srinagar), any authentic Wazwan feast

5. Uttarakhand - Bhatt ki Churkani

What it is: Black soybean curry cooked with local spices and yogurt.

Why it matters: Uses indigenous Himalayan ingredients. High-protein mountain food.

The uniqueness: Black soybeans aren't common elsewhere in India—this is Uttarakhand's own.

Pairing: Mandua ki roti (finger millet flatbread)

6. Delhi (NCT) - Chole Bhature

What it is: Spicy chickpea curry with deep-fried puffed bread.

Why it matters: Delhi's breakfast of champions. Street food elevated to icon status.

The experience: Massive bhatura, tangy spicy chole, pickled onions, cooling lassi.

Warning: Extremely filling. Plan nothing active after eating.

Where to try: Sitaram Diwan Chand (Paharganj), Nand di Hatti (Connaught Place)

7. Uttar Pradesh - Tunday Kebab

What it is: Incredibly soft minced meat kebabs (allegedly 160 spices in the secret recipe).

Why it matters: Lucknow's most famous food. So tender you don't need teeth (created for a toothless Nawab).

The legend: Recipe known only to the family. Replicated worldwide, never matched.

Where to try: Tunday Kababi (Lucknow) - accept no substitutes

8. Rajasthan - Dal Baati Churma

What it is: Hard wheat balls (baati) served with lentil curry (dal) and sweet crumbled wheat (churma).

Why it matters: Rajasthan's signature. Designed for desert—baked bread that doesn't spoil, filling, energy-dense.

The preparation: Baati traditionally cooked in cow dung fire or underground. Drenched in ghee.

The balance: Savory dal, neutral baati, sweet churma—perfect combination.

West India

9. Gujarat - Dhokla

What it is: Steamed fermented rice and gram flour cake, fluffy and tangy.

Why it matters: Gujarat's breakfast and snack icon. Healthy, fermented, delicious.

The serving: Tempering of mustard seeds, curry leaves, garnished with coriander and coconut.

The flavor: Slightly sour from fermentation, mildly sweet, aromatic.

Where to try: Any Gujarati household, or Das Khaman (Ahmedabad)

10. Maharashtra - Vada Pav

What it is: Spiced potato fritter in bread bun with chutneys.

Why it matters: Mumbai's soul food. The Indian burger. Working-class staple that became cultural icon.

The elements: Fried potato patty, pav (Portuguese bread influence), green chili, dry garlic chutney, fried green chilies.

The cost: ₹15-30 (dirt cheap for how satisfying it is)

Where to try: Ashok Vada Pav (Mumbai), or any street vendor

11. Goa - Fish Curry Rice

What it is: Coconut-based spicy-tangy fish curry served with rice.

Why it matters: Daily Goan meal. Simple, coastal, bursting with flavor.

The difference: Goan curries use kokum (for sourness) instead of tamarind—distinct flavor.

The authenticity: Every Goan grandmother has her own version. All are correct.

The pairing: Sol kadi (kokum drink) to cool the spice

South India 12. Karnataka - Bisi Bele Bath

What it is: Rice, lentils, vegetables, tamarind, and spices cooked together.

Why it matters: Karnataka's ultimate comfort food. One-pot meal, complete nutrition.

The name: Literally "hot lentil rice" in Kannada.

The serving: Topped with ghee, served with papad and raita.

The flavor: Tangy, mildly spicy, aromatic—perfect balance.

13. Kerala - Appam with Stew

What it is: Bowl-shaped rice pancakes (crispy edges, soft center) with coconut milk-based vegetable or meat stew.

Why it matters: Kerala breakfast perfection. Syrian Christian influence evident in the stew.

The technique: Appam requires special pan and fermented rice batter.

The pairing: Sweet coconut milk inside appam + savory stew = heaven.

Where to try: Kayees Rahmathullah Hotel (Kochi), or any Kerala household

14. Tamil Nadu - Chettinad Chicken

What it is: Extremely spicy, aromatic chicken curry from Chettinad region.

Why it matters: Represents Tamil Nadu's spice-forward cuisine. Complex spice blend (black pepper, fennel, star anise, more).

The heat level: Spicy. Very spicy. Sweating is normal.

The depth: Not just heat—layers of flavor from roasted spices.

Pairing: Dosa, appam, or rice to cool the fire

15. Andhra Pradesh - Hyderabadi Biryani

What it is: Aromatic basmati rice layered with spiced meat, dum-cooked with saffron.

Why it matters: THE biryani. Debates rage about best biryani, but Hyderabad is always in the conversation.

The method: Kacchi (raw meat and rice cooked together) or pakki (pre-cooked meat layered).

The accompaniments: Mirchi ka salan (chili curry), raita, shorba (soup).

Where to try: Paradise (Hyderabad), Shadab (Hyderabad)

16. Telangana - Sarva Pindi

What it is: Savory rice flour pancake with spices, onions, and chilies.

Why it matters: Telangana's rustic snack. Simple ingredients, bold flavors.

The texture: Crispy outside, slightly crumbly, full of flavor.

The origin: Farmer's food—easy to make, filling, travels well.

17. Puducherry (Union Territory) - French-Influenced Seafood

What it is: Seafood with French cooking techniques—grilled fish, garlic butter prawns, bouillabaisse-style preparations.

Why it matters: 300 years of French colonization created unique fusion.

The vibe: Coastal Indian ingredients meet French technique.

Where to try: Promenade Beach restaurants, Villa Shanti

East India 18. West Bengal - Machher Jhol

What it is: Bengali fish curry in light gravy with mustard oil and spices.

Why it matters: Daily Bengali meal. Simplicity showcasing fresh fish and mustard oil.

The fish: Usually rohu, katla, or hilsa (if you're fancy).

The flavor: Mustard oil's pungency, turmeric's earthiness, ginger's bite.

The pairing: Steamed white rice. That's it. That's all you need.

The love: Bengalis will fight you if you disrespect their fish curry.

19. Odisha - Dalma

What it is: Lentils cooked with vegetables and temple spices (no onion/garlic).

Why it matters: Influenced by Jagannath Temple cuisine. Simple, sattvic, delicious.

The vegetables: Pumpkin, plantain, papaya, drumstick, eggplant—whatever's seasonal.

The distinction: Less oil than most Indian dishes. Clean, wholesome flavors.

20. Jharkhand - Litti Chokha

What it is: Roasted wheat balls stuffed with sattu (roasted gram flour) served with mashed vegetables.

Why it matters: Tribal origins. Rustic, nutritious, deeply flavorful.

The preparation: Litti roasted over coal. Chokha made with roasted tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant.

The serving: Drenched in ghee. Non-negotiable.

The vibe: Rustic comfort, smoky flavors, satisfying.

21. Bihar - Sattu Paratha

What it is: Flatbread stuffed with spiced roasted gram flour.

Why it matters: Bihar's power food. High protein, filling, delicious.

The versatility: Breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack—works anytime.

The drink: Sattu drink (sattu mixed with water, salt, spices)—cooling summer beverage.

Northeast India 22. Sikkim - Momos

What it is: Tibetan-influenced steamed dumplings with meat or vegetable filling.

Why it matters: Sikkim's gift to India. Now national favorite, but best in Sikkim.

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The varieties: Steamed, fried, soup momos, tandoori momos (modern).

The dip: Spicy red chutney—tomato-based, fiery, essential.

Where to try: MG Marg (Gangtok), any local momo joint

23. Arunachal Pradesh - Thukpa

What it is: Tibetan noodle soup with vegetables or meat.

Why it matters: Mountain comfort food. Warming, nourishing, soul-satisfying.

The broth: Clear or spicy, depending on preparation. Always flavorful.

The context: Eating thukpa in cold Arunachal mountains = perfection.

24. Nagaland - Smoked Pork with Bamboo Shoot

What it is: Pork smoked with local spices, cooked with fermented bamboo shoots.

Why it matters: Naga cuisine is unique—minimal spices, fermentation, smoking techniques.

The flavor: Smoky, funky from fermentation, incredibly savory.

The heat: Raja mircha (ghost pepper) often included. Proceed carefully.

The culture: Pork is celebratory food in Naga culture.

25. Manipur - Eromba

What it is: Mashed vegetables with fermented fish (ngari) and chilies.

Why it matters: Quintessential Manipuri comfort food. Fermented, healthy, distinctively flavored.

The ingredients: Potatoes, vegetables, fermented fish, a LOT of chilies.

The taste: Pungent from fermented fish, spicy, deeply savory.

The pairing: Steamed rice, always.

26. Mizoram - Bai

What it is: Vegetable stew with spinach-like leaves, bamboo shoots, and often meat.

Why it matters: Traditional Mizo dish. Healthy, simple, comforting.

The preparation: Slow-cooked, minimal oil, herbs from the hills.

The flavor: Earthy, wholesome, subtly flavored.

27. Tripura - Mui Borok

What it is: Fermented fish chutney/paste.

Why it matters: Tripuri tribal cuisine. Fermentation is key preservation and flavor method.

The intensity: Strong, pungent, acquired taste.

The use: Condiment with rice and vegetables.

The nutrition: Fermented foods—probiotics, preservation, unique flavors.

28. Meghalaya - Jadoh

What it is: Red rice cooked with pork, turmeric, ginger, and onions.

Why it matters: Khasi tribal dish. One-pot meal, simple, delicious.

The rice: Local red rice—nutty, nutritious.

The pork: Essential. Cooked until tender, flavoring the rice.

The serving: Often with dohkhlieh (pork salad) on the side.

29. Assam - Assam Laksa / Masor Tenga

What it is: Tangy fish curry with tomatoes, lemon, and elephant apple.

Why it matters: Assam's signature sour fish curry. Refreshing, light, summer-perfect.

The sourness: Comes from elephant apple or tomatoes—not tamarind like South India.

The fish: Freshwater fish from Brahmaputra.

The balance: Tangy, slightly spicy, clean flavors.

The pairing: Steamed rice, always. Maybe some aloo pitika (mashed potatoes).

Union Territories 30. Ladakh - Skyu

What it is: Hearty stew with hand-rolled pasta-like dough, vegetables, and sometimes meat.

Why it matters: High-altitude survival food. Warming, filling, nutritious.

The preparation: Slow-cooked, one-pot meal.

The context: Eating skyu in a Ladakhi homestay while it's freezing outside = unforgettable.

31. Lakshadweep - Octopus Fry

What it is: Tender octopus cooked with coconut and local spices.

Why it matters: Island seafood at its finest. Fresh catch, simple preparation, maximum flavor.

The technique: Tenderizing octopus requires skill—Lakshadweep locals have mastered it.

The setting: Eating this on a coral island beach = bucket list experience.

The Patterns You'll Notice

Geography shapes cuisine:

  • Coastal states: Seafood, coconut
  • Mountain states: Hearty, warming foods
  • Plains: Wheat, rice, lentils
  • Desert: Preserved foods, ghee-heavy

Religion influences:

  • Vegetarian strongholds: Gujarat, Rajasthan (Jain influence)
  • Pork prominent: Northeast (Christian and tribal populations), Goa
  • Beef sometimes: Kerala (Christian and Muslim communities)

Colonial/invasion impact:

  • Mughal influence: North India's rich gravies, biryanis, kebabs
  • Portuguese: Goa's vindaloo, bread, pork dishes, Puducherry's unique fusion
  • British: Tea culture, certain preparation methods
  • Tibetan: Northeast's momos, thukpa

How to Actually Experience This

The dream: Travel to all 29 states, eat everything.

The reality: Most of us can't do that immediately.

The solution:

1. In India: Seek out regional restaurants in your city. Most metros have Andhra, Bengali, Punjabi, Kerala restaurants.

2. Food festivals: Cities host regional food festivals—attend these.

3. Cook at home: YouTube has tutorials for every regional dish.

4. Travel strategically: When you do travel, prioritize food. Eat street food, local restaurants, homes if possible.

5. Ask locals: Always. The best food is where locals eat, not touristy spots.

The Bottom Line

India isn't one country culinarily—it's 29+ distinct food cultures under one flag.

Each state's food tells a story:

  • Of geography that shaped ingredients
  • Of history that influenced techniques
  • Of religion that defined restrictions
  • Of people who created, perfected, preserved these traditions

You could spend a lifetime eating through India and never exhaust the diversity.

From Punjab's butter-heavy indulgence to Meghalaya's fermented simplicity, from Hyderabad's aromatic biryani to Kerala's coconut-laced appam, from Bengal's fish mastery to Rajasthan's desert cuisine—every state is a culinary universe.

So start somewhere. Anywhere.

Try that Goan fish curry. Master making dosas. Find authentic Northeast food. Order regional thalis. Cook dishes from states you've never visited.

Because the most delicious way to understand India?

Eat it. One state at a time.

Khao, piyo, aish karo (eat, drink, enjoy life).

29 states. 29 incredible flavors. One unforgettable culinary journey.

Bon appétit.